3) Some Basic Commands and its Use

COMMAND AND ITS USE

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Linux Operating System is more popular for command line. More command given below:-

useradd

Use → create new user.

# useradd ɸ user name ↵

# passwd ɸ user name ↵

# useradd ɸ -p ɸ type password ɸ user name ↵

Use → loging with other user.

# su ɸ - ɸ user name ↵

whoami

Use → show current logging user.

# whoami ↵

logout or exit

Use → use for logout.

# logout ↵

userdel

Use → delete user.

# userdel ɸ -r ɸ user name ↵

groupadd

Use → create the group user.

# groupadd ɸ group name ↵

usermod

Use → change user Id and group Id.

# usermod ɸ - u ɸ 1440 ɸ username ↵

# usermod ɸ - g ɸ 1340 ɸ username ↵

cat

Use → show under content of file.

# cat ɸ file name ↵

Use → show user information.

# cat ɸ /etc/passwd ↵

Use → show group information.

# cat ɸ /etc/gshadow ↵

Use → show password information.

# cat ɸ /etc/shadow ↵

pwd

Use → show current location.

# pwd ↵

vim, vi, nano, touch(for blank file)

Use → create the text file.

# vim ɸ file name ↵

press i (for insert)

type your text

press Esc key

press Shift + :

type wq (for exit) ↵

Use → delete text file.

# rm ɸ file name ↵

mkdir

Use → create directory (Folder).

# mkdir ɸ directory name ↵

Use → create sub directory in directory in parent directory.

# mkdir ɸ - p ɸ dir1/dir2/subdir ↵

rmdir

Use → delete directory.

# rmdir ɸ directory name ↵

# rmdir ɸ - p ɸ dir1/dir2/subdir ↵

# rmdir ɸ -r ɸ directory name ↵

# rmdir ɸ directory name/* ↵

# rmdir ɸ -rf ɸ directory name ↵

echo

Use → create many file.

# echo ɸ {type different file name with coma sign} .log ↵

# echo ɸ (file name){a..c} {1.3} .log ↵

touch

Use → create blank file.

# touch ɸ file name {1…5} .text ↵

Use → listing

# ls ↵

Use → show all file listing. (with hidden file)

# ls ɸ - a ↵

Use → show user list

# ls ɸ /home ↵

Use → show file detail list. {l = show in long list

# ls ɸ - l h ↵ h = show file size}

Use → show inode number of file and directory.

# ls ɸ - l i ↵ { i = show inode no.}

Use → move file or directory.

# mv ɸ text file name or directory name (to) ɸ directory name (in)

Use → copy the file.

# cp ɸ text file name (to) ɸ directory name (in) ↵

Use → change directory.

# cd ɸ directory location

Use → go previous mod

# cd ɸ - ↵

chmod

Use → set permission.

# chmod ɸ permission value ɸ file name ↵

# chmod ɸ user name + permission type ɸ file name/directory name ↵

# chmod ɸ user name – permission type ɸ file name/directory name ↵

chown

Use → Change file owner name.

# chown ɸ new owner name ɸ file name ↵

chgrp

Use → Change file group name.

# chown ɸ new group name ɸ file name ↵

Use → create soft link (shortcut) of original file.

# ln ɸ - s ɸ original file ɸ softlink ↵

Use → create hard link (mirror file) of original file.

# ln ɸ original file ɸ hardlink ↵

man

Use → any command information help.

# man ɸ command ↵

Some filter command commands:-

Pipeline (:) →Pipeline command used for joined two or more commands.

Filter command → Filter command used for filtering of any characters.

sort

Use → show list by sort with character serial

# sort ɸ file name ↵ (short list by alphabet)

# sort ɸ - k ɸ file name ↵ (short list by alphabet in column <k1, k2 or k3>)

# sort ɸ - n ɸ - k ɸ file name ↵ (show list by number in column)

uniq

Use → uniq command used for repeated case (name or word). The uniq command don’t work without sort command.

# cat ɸ file name ɸ : ɸ sort ɸ : ɸ uniq ↵ (show repeated case in single times)

# cat ɸ file name ɸ : ɸ sort ɸ : ɸ uniq ɸ - c ↵ (count to repeated case)

# cat ɸ file name ɸ : ɸ sort ɸ : ɸ uniq ɸ - d ↵ (show repeated case in single times)

# cat ɸ file name ɸ : ɸ sort ɸ : ɸ uniq ɸ - D ↵(show repeated case in repeated times)

# cat ɸ file name ɸ : ɸ sort ɸ : ɸ uniq ɸ - f ↵ (avoid comparing to repeated case)

# cat ɸ file name ɸ : ɸ sort ɸ : ɸ uniq ɸ - i ↵ (ignore differences to repeated case)

Use → wc command used for counting characters (line, word, bytes or character)

# wc ɸ - l ↵ ( for line)

# wc ɸ - w ↵ (for word)

# wc ɸ - c ↵ (for bytes)

# wc ɸ - m ↵ (for charatesr)

grep

Use → grep command used for search by character.

# grep ɸ character ɸ file name ↵ (search by character with case sensitive)

# grep ɸ - i ɸ character ɸ file name ↵ (search all by character)

# grep ɸ - v ɸ character ɸ file name ↵ (search without character with case sensitive)

# grep ɸ - v i ɸ character ɸ file name ↵ (search all without character )

# grep ɸ - A ɸ character ɸ file name ↵ (search by character with after line <A1, A2,…> )

# grep ɸ - B ɸ character ɸ file name ↵ (search by character with before line <B1, B2,…> )

# grep ɸ - C ɸ character ɸ file name ↵ (search by character with after & before line )

cut

Use → cut command used for cut data in file.

# cut ɸ - d dimeter ɸ - f1 ɸ file name ↵ (cut file with dimeter and field) Demeter → , : ; / f → field

# cut ɸ - c dimeter ɸ file name ↵ (cut file with character)

Use → tr command used for translating.

# Tr ɸ ‘character(to)’ ɸ ‘character(in) ’ ↵ {a → A}, {(a-z → A-Z)}

……………..more option available…………………………

locate

Use → show for location of any file.

# Locate ɸ file name ↵

……………more option available……………………..

find

Use → find to any file or directory.

# find ɸ type file ↵

…………….more option available……………………

gzip

Use → compress to file.

# gzip ɸ file name ↵

gunzip

Use → uncompress to compress file.

# gunzip ɸ file name .gz ↵

zip

Use → compress to file with zip

# zip ɸ - r ɸ file name .zip ɸ file ↵

unzip

Use → extract to zip file.

# unzip ɸ file .zip ↵

tar

Use → take backup of more file in single file with compress format.

# tar ɸ - c v f ɸ backup folder . tar ɸ file1 ɸ file2 ɸ file3 ↵

Use → show backup file content list.

# tar ɸ - t v f ɸ backup folder . tar ↵

Use → extract and restore to backup file.

# tar ɸ - x v f ɸ backup folder . tar ↵

Use → take backup in compress format.

# tar ɸ - c v f ɸ backup folder . tar ↵

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3) Some Basic Commands and its Use

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